Arthurian kinship: examining the kinship legacies of Morgan le Fay and Nimue, the Lady of the Lake in Seanan McGuire’s October Daye series
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13131/unipi/a0rw-a517Keywords:
Literary collections, Medieval, Fiction, Urban fantasy, Fiction, fantasy/Arthurian, MedievalismAbstract
Using Seanan McGuire’s October “Toby” Daye urban fantasy series as a case study, this essay examines the kinship legacies crafted by the supernatural women of the medieval Arthurian romance tradition as they are perpetuated and reclaimed by female characters in contemporary fantasy romance genres. Invariably helped or hindered by two powerful and ancient fae women known as the Luidaeg and Eira Rosynhwyr, but who are really The Lady of the Lake and Morgan le Fay of Arthurian lore respectively, Toby’s narrative journey reflects a reclamation of Arthurian women. McGuire expands on the use of these powerful women in the medieval lexicon as family makers and court breakers, giving voice, agency, and depth to the often dualed roles of Morgan le Fay and the Lady of the Lake. The Luidaeg, Eira Rosynhwyr, and their niece Toby, may therefore be analyzed together as representations of the subversive power present in Arthurian women, an extension of motherhood’s expectations to move beyond that of passive progenitors and into active participants in the creation of family and legacy.
References
Archibald, E., 2023, “Arthurian Transformations”, in Krueger, R. (ed) The New Cambridge Companion to Medieval Romance, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 73-87. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108783033.007
Batis, J., 2021. Thinking Queerly: Medievalism, Wizardry, and Neurodiversity in Young Adult Texts, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.
Berthelot, A., 2000, “Merlin and the Ladies of the Lake”, in Arthuriana, 10, 1: 55-81. https://doi.org/10.1353/art.2000.0029
Bradway, T., Freemen, E., (eds) 2022, Queer Kinship: Race, Sex, Belonging, Form, Duke University Press, Durham NC.
Butler, J., 2022. “Kinship Beyond the Bloodline”, in Bradway, T. and Freeman, E. (eds) Queer Kinship: Race, Sex, Belonging, Form, Duke University Press, Durham NC: 25-47.
Chander, A., Sunder, M., 2007, “Everyone’s a Superhero: A Cultural Theory of “Mary Sue” Fan Fiction as Fair Use”, in California Law Review, 95, 2: 597-626.
Cooper, H., 2004, The English Romance in Time: Transforming Motifs from Geoffrey of Monmouth to the Death of Shakespeare, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Davidson, R., 2012, “When King Arthur is PG 13”, in Arthuriana, 22, 3: 5-20. https://doi.org/10.1353/art.2012.0039
Devun, L., Tortorici, Z., 2018, “Trans, Time, and History”, in Transgender Studies Quarterly, 5, 4: 518-539. https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-7090003
Deonn, T., 2021, “Every King Arthur Retelling is Fanfic About Who Gets to Be Legendary”, tor.com, Accessed: 26 November 2023, https://www.tor.com/2021/03/23/every-king-arthur-retelling-is-fanfic-about-who-gets-to-be-legendary/.
Dinshaw, Carolyn, 1999, Getting Medieval: Sexualities and Communities, Pre- and Postmodern, Duke University Press, Durham NC.
Eastwood, A., 2014, “How, Then, Might the Transsexual Read?: Notes Toward a Trans Literary History”, in Transgender Studies Quarterly, 1, 4: 590-604. https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-2815111
Fries, M., 1994, “From the Lady to the Tramp: The Decline of Morgan le Fay in Medieval Romance”, in Arthuriana, 4, 1: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1353/art.1994.0018
Harf-Lancner, L., 2023, Les Fées au Moyen Âge. Morgane et Mélusine : La naissance des fées, Honoré Champion, Paris.
Hoffman, D., 2019, “Queer as Folk”, in Arthuriana, 29, 2: 24-46. https://doi.org/10.1353/art.2019.0018
Howey, A.F., 2015, “Arthur and Adaptation”, in Arthuriana, 25, 4: 36-50. https://doi.org/10.1353/art.2015.0059
Hutton, R., 2014, “The Making of the Early Modern British Fairy Tradition”, in The Historical Journal, 57, 4: 1135-1156. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X14000351
Kruger, S.F., 2009, “Queer Middle Ages”, in Giffney, N., and O’Rourke, M., The Ashgate Research Companion to Queer Theory, Routledge, London: 408-430.
Larrington, C., 2015. King Arthur’s Enchantresses: Morgan and Her Sisters in Arthurian Tradition, I.B. Tauris, London.
Loomis, R.S., 1997, Celtic Myth and Arthurian Romance, Academy Chicago Publishers, Limited, Chicago IL.
Mandel, J., 2002, “The Idea of Family in Chrétien de Troyes and Sir Thomas Malory”, in Arthuriana, 12, 4: 90-99. https://doi.org/10.1353/art.2002.0001
Martinez, H. R., 2010, “‘Fairy’ and ‘Elves’ in Tolkien and Traditional Literature”, in Mythlore, 28, 3/4: 65-84.
McGuire, S., 2023, Sleep No More, DAW Books, New York NY.
McGuire, S., 2022, Be the Serpent, DAW Books, New York NY.
McGuire, S., 2020a, “Pride 2020 Interviews: Seanan McGuire”, interview by Anthony R. Cardno, https://www.anthonycardno.com/blog/2020/6/5/pride-2020-interviews-seanan-mcguire, 5 June.
McGuire, S., 2020b, “Shine in Pearl”, in A Killing Frost, DAW Books, New York NY: 305-351.
McGuire, S., 2019a, “Sun Sets Weeping”, patreon.com, https://www.patreon.com/posts/sun-sets-weeping-27302320.
McGuire, S., 2019b, The Unkindest Tide, DAW Books, New York NY.
McGuire, S., 2018, Night and Silence, DAW Books, New York NY.
McGuire, S., 2016, “Dreams and Slumbers”, in Once Broken Faith, DAW Books, New York NY: 353-420.
McGuire, S., 2014, “The Fixed Stars”, Baen.com. https://www.baen.com/Chapters/A9781476737010/A9781476737010___3.htm
Noble, James, 2002, “Tingagel: the Best of English Twinkie”, in Sklar, E., and Hoffman, D. (eds) King Arthur in Popular Culture, McFarand, Jefferson NC: 36‑44.
Oxford English Dictionary, 2013, Faerie: Noun & Adjective, Accessed: 26 November 2023, https://www.oed.com/dictionary/faerie_n?tab=meaning_and_use#4640939.
Pugh, T., Kelly, K.C. (eds.), 2009, Queer Movie Medievalisms, London, Ashgate Publishing.
Ruppo, I.M., 2016, “What’s Wrong with Medievalism: Tolkien, the Strugatsky Brothers, and the Question of the Ideology of Fantasy”, in Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, 27, 2: 205-224.
Sklar, E., 2002, “Marketing Arthur: The Commodification of Arthurian Legend”, in Sklar, E., and Hoffman, D. (eds) King Arthur in Popular Culture, McFarland, Jefferson NC: 9-23.
Svonkin, C., Axelrod, S. Gould, 2018, “Introduction: The Metafamily”, in Pacific Coast Philology, 53, 2: 145-154. https://doi.org/10.5325/pacicoasphil.53.2.0145
Tolhurst, F., 2012, “Helping Girls to Be Heroic?” Some Recent Arthurian Fiction for Young Adults”, in Arthuriana, 22, 3: 69-90. https://doi.org/10.1353/art.2012.0034
Tolmie, J., “Medievalism and the Fantasy Heroine”, in Journal of Gender Studies, 15, 2: 145-158. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589230600720042
Willis, I., 2006, “Keeping Promises to Queer Children: Making Space (for Mary Sue) at Hogwarts” in K. Hellekson and K. Busse (eds) Fan Fiction and Fan Communities in the Age of the Internet: New Essays, McFarland and Co., Jefferson NC: 157-170.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Eyan Birt

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Whatever is an open access journal, which means that all articles are available on the Internet to all users immediately upon publication. Our articles are published under the terms of the Creative Commons Licence 4.0 by-nc, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.
Authors hold copyright without restrictions. Also, authors retain publishing rights on their articles; however, it is recommended to keep track of the CC-BY-NC license and to quote original publication.